![]() ![]() Terram ecclesie do – I give land to the church. Used for nouns that are to or for something. Used for nouns that are ‘ of’ something else and to show possession (who something belongs to).įilie vidue – The widow’s daughters. The accusative is also used after some prepositions. The verb (‘confirms’) is being done to ‘the charter’ – therefore ‘the charter’ is in the accusative. The object is the person or thing the verb is done to.ĭomina cartam confirmat – The lady confirms the charter. Not all parts of speech have a vocative case. The second declension masculine has a vocative case that is different from the nominative, which takes ‘-e’ or ‘-i’. The vocative case is usually the same as the nominative. Used to call or address someone or something. ![]() ‘the widow’ is the subject, as she is doing the verb (working). The subject is the person or thing doing the verb. Very rarely- patrials in -ās, -ātis -īs, -ītis.Used for the subject of the verb.Sometimes- apis, caedēs, clādēs, mēnsis, struēs, subolēs.Always- canis, iuvenis, 2 ambāgēs, mare (once only, otherwise wanting), volucris.The following have -um (not -ium) in the genitive plural. An old form for both cases is -eis (diphthong).ħ8. The regular accusative plural -īs is common, but not exclusively used in any word. The regular nominative plural of i-stems is -ēs, 1 but -īs is occasionally found. Note 3- Canis and iuvenis have cane, iuvene.ħ7. Note 2- Most names of towns in -e (as, Praeneste, Tergeste) and Sōracte, a mountain, have the ablative in -e. The defective māne has sometimes mānī ( § 103. Note 1- The ablative of famēs is always famē ( § 105. In avis, clāvis, febris, fīnis, īgnis, 1 imber, lūx, nāvis, ovis, pelvis, puppis, sēmentis, strigilis, turris, and occasionally in other words.Īffīnis, bipennis, canālis, familiāris, nātālis, rīvālis, sapiēns, tridēns, trirēmis, vōcālis In neuters in -e, -al, -ar except: baccar, iubar, rēte, and sometimes mare. ![]() In the following adjectives used as nouns.Īequālis, annālis, aquālis, cōnsulāris, gentīlis, molāris, prīmipīlāris, tribūlisģ. In nouns having the Accusative in -im (§ 75 above) also secūris. The Ablative in -ī is found exclusively-ġ. The regular form of the ablative singular of i-stems would be -ī.īut, in most nouns this is changed to -e.Ī. The accusative in -im is found sometimes in febris, puppis, restis, turris, secūris, sēmentis, and rarely in many other words.ħ6. In adverbs in -tim (being accusative of nouns in -tis), as, partim and in amussim. In būris, cucumis, rāvis, sitis, tussis, vīs. The accusative in -im is found exclusively-ġ. stella, -am servus, -um)īut, in most nouns this is changed to -em (following the consonant declension).Ī. The regular case-ending of the accusative singular of i-stems (m. The ablative singular of all neuters, and of many masculines and feminines, ends in -ī. or f.) of a few ends in -im (§ 75 below).Į. All neuters have the nominative and accusative plural in -ia.Ĭ. They have the genitive plural in -ium (but some monosyllables lack it entirely). I-stems show the i of the stem in the following forms:Ī. The nominative plural ( -īs) 1 was most thoroughly lost, next the accusative singular ( -im), next the ablative ( -ī) while the genitive and accusative plural ( -ium, -īs) were retained in almost all.ħ4. There was a tendency in nouns to lose the i-forms, in adjectives to gain them. The i-declension was confused even to the Romans themselves, nor was it stable at all periods of the language, early Latin having i-forms which afterwards disappeared.
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